Artificial Intelligence and the Qur’an: A Theological Analysis of Machine Learning and Ethical Challenges

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies into various fields has raised numerous questions regarding their ethical implications and theological considerations, especially within the context of Islamic beliefs. AI’s ability to replicate human-like cognitive functions, including reasoning and decision-making, poses theological challenges, particularly in terms of understanding divine attributes such as creativity, intellect, and moral responsibility. This paper explores the intersection of AI, ML, and Islamic theology, specifically focusing on the potential role of AI in interpreting the Qur'an and its ethical ramifications. The ethical concerns explored in this paper include algorithmic bias, data privacy, accountability, and the moral implications of delegating decision-making to machines in religious contexts. Additionally, the paper examines Islamic principles such as justice (ad), accountability (mas'uliyyah), and the sanctity of human dignity in shaping a framework that can guide the responsible and ethical use of AI in religious practices and Qur'anic interpretations. By providing a theological analysis of AI through the lens of Islamic ethics, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding AI’s role in contemporary religious practices and offers recommendations for integrating Islamic ethical principles into AI development.