البحث المقارن في علم الكلام بين المدارس الإسلامية والمسيحية

Comparative Study of Theological Thought Between Islamic and Christian Schools

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of theological doctrines within Islamic and Christian intellectual traditions, focusing on the methodologies, principles, and epistemological frameworks that shape the discourse in both religions. The research explores key concepts such as divine attributes, revelation, human free will, and the problem of evil, highlighting similarities and differences in interpretation and reasoning between Islamic kalam and Christian scholastic theology. Through critical examination of primary texts and influential scholars from both traditions, the study identifies convergences in rational argumentation and ethical considerations while noting divergences arising from doctrinal, historical, and cultural contexts. Furthermore, the research evaluates the impact of these theological debates on contemporary religious thought, interfaith dialogue, and ethical decision-making. By bridging insights from two major Abrahamic traditions, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of comparative theology and provides a framework for constructive interreligious engagement.