مفهوم الحضرية الدينية بين النمو الإسلامية والمواثيق الدولية

The Concept of Religious Freedom Between Islamic Texts and International Charters

Abstract

Religious freedom represents a fundamental human right, recognized both in classical Islamic teachings and modern international legal frameworks. This study explores the concept of religious freedom as articulated in the Qur’an, Habit, and the broader Islamic legal tradition, highlighting the principles of tolerance, coexistence, and protection of minority rights. Simultaneously, the research examines major international charters and conventions, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), analyzing their provisions concerning freedom of belief, worship, and expression. By conducting a comparative analysis, the study identifies convergences and divergences between Islamic jurisprudence and international law, emphasizing areas where Islamic principles can support the implementation of global human rights standards while maintaining religious authenticity. The research also addresses contemporary challenges, such as religious discrimination, extremism, and state regulation of religious practices, proposing practical frameworks for harmonizing Islamic guidance with international norms. This integrative approach offers a nuanced understanding of religious freedom, encouraging constructive dialogue between Islamic scholars, policymakers, and international human rights bodies.