دور الاجتهاد في مواجهة التحديات العلمية والطبية المعاصرة

The Role of Ijtihad in Addressing Contemporary Scientific and Medical Challenges

Abstract

The rapid advancement of science and medicine in the contemporary era has introduced complex ethical, moral, and legal challenges that often fall outside the explicit prescriptions of traditional Islamic jurisprudence. This paper explores the critical role of Ijtihad—the process of independent reasoning in Islamic law—in addressing contemporary scientific and medical dilemmas. By examining classical jurisprudential principles alongside modern medical and technological developments, the study highlights how Ijtihad enables scholars to issue informed rulings that uphold both the spirit and objectives of Shariah while accommodating scientific progress. The paper discusses key areas including biomedical ethics, organ transplantation, genetic engineering, reproductive technologies, end-of-life care, and emerging public health crises. Through a comparative analysis of historical precedents and current scholarly interpretations, the research demonstrates that Ijtihad is not merely a theoretical tool but a dynamic mechanism capable of guiding ethical decision-making in the face of unprecedented challenges. Ultimately, the study argues that fostering a culture of informed, evidence-based Ijtihad can bridge the gap between traditional religious principles and modern scientific innovation, ensuring ethical coherence and social justice in contemporary healthcare practices.